惡意代碼編寫者經常使用反虛擬機技術逃避分析，這種技術可以檢測自己是否運行在虛擬機中。如果惡意代碼探測到自己在虛擬機中運行，它會執行與其本身行為不同的行為，其中最簡單的行為是停止自身運行。

近年來，隨著虛擬化技術的使用不斷增加，采用反虛擬機技術的惡意代碼數量逐漸下降。惡意代碼編寫者已經開始意識到，目標主機是虛擬機，也并不意味著它就沒有攻擊價值。

隨著虛擬化技術的不斷發展和普通應用，反虛擬機技術可能變得更加少見。這里研究最常見的反虛擬機技術(包括VMware、virtualbox和virtualpc，重點是最常用的VMware)，并且介紹一些如何防御它們的辦法。

一、檢測虛擬機痕跡

1.根據MAC地址

通常，MAC地址的前三個字節標識一個提供商。以00:05:69、00:0c:29和00:50:56開始的MAC地址與VMware相對應；以00:03:ff開始的MAC地址與virtualpc對應；以08:00:27開始的MAC地址與virtualbox對應。

BOOL CheckVMWare()  
{  
   string mac;  
   get_3part_mac(mac);  
   if (mac=="00-05-69" || mac=="00-0c-29" || mac=="00-50-56")  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVirtualPC()  
{  
   string mac;  
   get_3part_mac(mac);  
   if (mac=="00-03-ff")  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVirtualBox()  
{  
   string mac;  
   get_3part_mac(mac);  
   if (mac=="08-00-27")  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

typedef struct _ASTAT_  
{  
   ADAPTER_STATUS adapt;  
   NAME_BUFFER NameBuff[30];  
} ASTAT, *PASTAT;

void get_3part_mac(string &mac)  
{  
   NCB Ncb;  
   ASTAT Adapter;  
   UCHAR uRetCode;  
   LANA_ENUM lenum;  
   memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(Ncb));  
   Ncb.ncb_command = NCBENUM;  
   Ncb.ncb_buffer = (UCHAR *)&lenum;  
   Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(lenum);  
   uRetCode = Netbios(&Ncb);  
   for (int i = 0; i < lenum.length; i++)  
   {  
       memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(Ncb));  
       Ncb.ncb_command = NCBRESET;  
       Ncb.ncb_lana_num = lenum.lana[i];  
       uRetCode = Netbios(&Ncb);  
       memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(Ncb));  
       Ncb.ncb_command = NCBASTAT;  
       Ncb.ncb_lana_num = lenum.lana[i];  
       strcpy((char *)Ncb.ncb_callname, "*");  
       Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char *)&Adapter;  
       Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(Adapter);  
       uRetCode = Netbios(&Ncb);  
       if (uRetCode == 0)  
       {  
           char tmp[128];  
           sprintf(tmp, "%02x-%02x-%02x",  
               Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[0],  
               Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[1],  
               Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[2]  
           );  
           mac = tmp;  
       }  
   }  
}

2.基于主板序列號、主機型號、系統盤所在磁盤名稱等其他硬件信息

//通過WMI獲取主機信息  
BOOL ManageWMIInfo(string &result, string table, wstring wcol)  
{    
   HRESULT hres;  
   char bord[1024];  
   //初始化COM  
   hres = CoInitialize(0);  
   //獲得WMI連接COM接口    
   IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;  
   hres = CoCreateInstance(  
       CLSID_WbemLocator,  
       0,  
       CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,  
       IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);  
   if (FAILED(hres))  
   {  
       cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object."  
           << "Err code = 0x"  
           << hex << hres << endl;  
       CoUninitialize();  
       return false;  
   }  
   //通過連接接口連接WMI的內核對象名ROOT//CIMV2    
   IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;  
   hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(  
       _bstr_t(L"ROOT\\\\CIMV2"), // Object path of WMI namespace  
       NULL, // User name. NULL = current user  
       NULL, // User password. NULL = current  
       0, // Locale. NULL indicates current  
       NULL, // Security flags.  
       0, // Authority (e.g. Kerberos)  
       0, // Context object  
       &pSvc // pointer to IWbemServices proxy  
       );  
   if (FAILED(hres))  
   {  
       cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x"  
           << hex << hres << endl;  
       pLoc->Release();  
       CoUninitialize();  
       return false;  
   }  
   //設置請求代理的安全級別    
   hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(  
       pSvc, // Indicates the proxy to set  
       RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx  
       RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx  
       NULL, // Server principal name  
       RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx  
       RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx  
       NULL, // client identity  
       EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities  
       );  
   if (FAILED(hres))  
   {  
       cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x"  
           << hex << hres << endl;  
       pSvc->Release();  
       pLoc->Release();  
       CoUninitialize();  
       return false;  
   }  
   //通過請求代理來向WMI發送請求  
   IEnumWbemClassObject* pEnumerator = NULL;  
   string select = "SELECT * FROM "+ table;  
   hres = pSvc->ExecQuery(  
       bstr_t("WQL"),    
       bstr_t(select.c_str()),  
       WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,  
       NULL,  
       &pEnumerator);  
   if (FAILED(hres))  
   {  
       cout << "Query for Network Adapter Configuration failed."  
           << " Error code = 0x”"  
           << hex << hres << endl;  
       pSvc->Release();  
       pLoc->Release();  
       CoUninitialize();  
       return false;  
   }  
   //循環枚舉所有的結果對象  
   ULONG uReturn = 0;  
   IWbemClassObject *pclsObj;  
   while (pEnumerator)  
   {  
       HRESULT hr = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1,  
           &pclsObj, &uReturn);  
       if(0 == uReturn)  
       {  
           break;  
       }  
       VARIANT vtProp;  
       VariantInit(&vtProp);  
       hr = pclsObj->Get(wcol.c_str(), 0, &vtProp, 0, 0);  
       if(!FAILED(hr))  
       {  
           CW2A tmpstr1(vtProp.bstrVal);  
           strcpy_s(bord,200,tmpstr1);  
           result = bord;  
       }  
       VariantClear(&vtProp);  
   }  
   //釋放資源    
   pSvc->Release();  
   pLoc->Release();  
   pEnumerator->Release();  
   pclsObj->Release();  
   CoUninitialize();  
   return true;  
}

BOOL CheckVMWare()  
{  
   string table = "Win32_BaseBoard";  
   wstring wcol = L"SerialNumber";  
   string ret;  
   ManageWMIInfo(ret, table, wcol);  
   if (ret == "None")  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVMWare()  
{  
   string table = "Win32_DiskDrive";  
   wstring wcol = L"Caption";  
   string ret;  
   ManageWMIInfo(ret, table, wcol);  
   if (ret.find("VMware") != string::npos)  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVMWare()  
{  
   string table = "Win32_computersystem";  
   wstring wcol = L"Model";  
   string ret;  
   ManageWMIInfo(ret, table, wcol);  
   if (ret.find("VMware") != string::npos)  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVirtualBox()  
{    
   string table = "Win32_computersystem";  
   wstring wcol = L"Model";  
   string ret;  
   ManageWMIInfo(ret, table, wcol);  
   if (ret.find("VirtualBox") != string::npos)  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVirtualBox()  
{  
   string table = "Win32_DiskDrive";  
   wstring wcol = L"Caption";  
   string ret;  
   ManageWMIInfo(ret, table, wcol);  
   if (ret.find("VBOX") != string::npos)  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVirtualPC()  
{  
   string table = "Win32_DiskDrive";  
   wstring wcol = L"Caption";  
   string ret;  
   ManageWMIInfo(ret, table, wcol);  
   if (ret.find("Virtual HD") != string::npos)  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

BOOL CheckVirtualPC()  
{  
   string table = "Win32_computersystem";  
   wstring wcol = L"Model";  
   string ret;  
   ManageWMIInfo(ret, table, wcol);  
   if (ret.find("Virtual Machine") != string::npos)  
   {  
       return TRUE;  
   }  
   else  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
}

3.根據當前進程信息

通過進程快照讀取當前進程信息，查找是否存在虛擬機中特有的進程，如VMware中的vmware.exe和VirtualBox中的VBoxService.exe。

BOOL CheckVMWare()  
{  
   DWORD ret = 0;  
   PROCESSENTRY32 pe32;  
   pe32.dwSize = sizeof(pe32);  
   HANDLE hProcessSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);  
   if(hProcessSnap == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
   BOOL bMore = Process32First(hProcessSnap, &pe32);  
   while(bMore)  
   {  
       if (strcmp(pe32.szExeFile, "vmware.exe")==0)  
       {  
           return TRUE;  
       }  
       bMore = Process32Next(hProcessSnap, &pe32);  
   }  
   CloseHandle(hProcessSnap);  
   return FALSE;  
}

BOOL CheckVirtualBox()  
{  
   DWORD ret = 0;  
   PROCESSENTRY32 pe32;  
   pe32.dwSize = sizeof(pe32);  
   HANDLE hProcessSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);  
   if(hProcessSnap == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)  
   {  
       return FALSE;  
   }  
   BOOL bMore = Process32First(hProcessSnap, &pe32);  
   while(bMore)  
   {  
       if (strcmp(pe32.szExeFile, "VBoxService.exe")==0)  
       {  
           return TRUE;  
       }  
       bMore = Process32Next(hProcessSnap, &pe32);  
   }  
   CloseHandle(hProcessSnap);  
   return FALSE;  
}